What We Know About the Biology of Migraine
Key Questions
- What is the trigeminal nerve, and where is it located?
- Is the trigeminal nerve a major pain pathway in the head?
- What role does this nerve play in migraine?
- Does the trigeminal nerve become sensitized during an acute migraine attack?
- What is cortical spreading depression? What is its role in the progression of migraine disease?
- Does central sensitization cause a headache disorder?
- Does the central nervous system (CNS) experience structural or chemical changes, leading to heightened sensitivity to pain?
- How can using green light therapy reduce a person’s light sensitivity before or during an attack?
- Are people with migraine more likely to develop trigeminal neuralgia?
- What is occipital neuralgia? Does it play a role in migraine?
- Is there a link between migraine and jaw clenching or grinding?
Interview Notes
- MedStar Georgetown Headache Center
- American Headache Society
- Migraine Again
- American Migraine Foundation
- National Headache Foundation
- Article: “What causes migraines? Study of ‘brain blackout’ offers clues”
- Study: “Trigeminal ganglion neurons are directly activated by influx of CSF solutes in a migraine model”
Treatments Mentioned
- CGRP inhibitors
- DHE (dihydroergotamine)
- Glasses with light-sensitive filters
- Green light therapy
- Mouth guard
- Nerve blocks
- Neuromodulation devices
- OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox)
- Peripheral nerve block
- Physical therapy/Physiotherapy
- Radiofrequency ablation
- Triptans
Please note: The Migraine World Summit’s aim is to bring you a variety of perspectives and expertise, independent of bias or judgment. Alternative theories presented in this video have not been medically reviewed. Views expressed in this interview do not necessarily represent the views of the Migraine World Summit. Please always consult your health care professional and do your own research before making changes to your treatment plan.
Jessica Ailani, MD, FAHS, FAAN
Director
MedStar Georgetown Headache Center
Dr. Jessica Ailani is board certified in neurology, with added certifications in neurology and headache. She is a professor of clinical neurology and vice co-chair of strategic planning for MedStar’s Georgetown University Hospital.
In addition, she is director of the MedStar Georgetown Headache Center. She is a specialist in headache and women’s health and is dedicated to patient education. Dr. Ailani is also a member of several professional societies, as well as a fellow of the American Headache Society and the American Academy of Neurology.
Interviews from Jessica Ailani, MD, FAHS, FAAN
Controlling Chronic Migraine
Nondrug Migraine Treatments That Work
Expert Tips to Manage Persistent Migraine Pain
Hormonal Migraine Seasons in a Woman’s Life
For a limited time get up to 21% OFF all the 2025 interviews, videos, audio, transcripts, and more. Why upgrade?
- Can’t attend live? Watch anytime
- Prefer reading or listening? Get transcripts and audio
- Want to dive deeper? Explore the additional footage & resources
- Need ongoing support? Reference expert advice year-round
- Lifetime access to 2025, no annual fee
- Act now, early-bird offer ends March 19th!
Related Talks for: Day 7 (2025)
Can Pain Reprocessing Therapy Offer Migraine Relief?
Alan Gordon, LCSW
How GLP-1 Medications & Exercise Impact Migraine: Two Experts Weigh In
Dale Bond, PhD & Devika Umashanker, MS, MBA, MD
When the Doctor Becomes the Patient: Migraine Firsthand
Faraidoon Haghdoost, MD, PhD
Migraine & Headache Australia is the only organization in Australia that has supported the more than 5 million Australians affected by headache and migraine for 20 years. Migraine & Headache Australia is a division of the Brain Foundation.
As an integrated healthcare, pharmacy and retail leader serving millions of customers and patients every day, we play a critical role in the healthcare ecosystem.
Don't lose hope—there are more options than you think. The Treatment Directory, updated annually, includes 300+ treatments, therapies, devices, and strategies mentioned by MWS experts. Available with the VIP All-Access Pass. Learn more on the order page!
